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How to Install Apache Cassandra on Linux Mint 18.3

To Install Apache Cassandra on Linux Mint 18.3

Cassandra is one of the most popular distributed NoSQL databases from Apache which is known for its scalability, performance and its high availability with no single point of failure. It is so simple to install   Apache Cassandra on Linux Mint 18.3 and this tutorial covers the ground on the same process. 

 

Installing Apache Cassandra     

Installing java
To install Cassandra on Linux Mint we must install Java first. Since Java might not be installed by default,   verify it by using the following command.  

linuxhelp ~ # java -version
The program ' java'  can be found in the following packages:
 * default-jre
 * gcj-5-jre-headless
 * openjdk-8-jre-headless
 * gcj-4.8-jre-headless
 * gcj-4.9-jre-headless
 * openjdk-9-jre-headless
Try: apt install < selected package>

 

If Java is not installed in your system, you can do it easily, but first you need to add repository.  

linuxhelp ~ # add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
You are about to add the following PPA:
Oracle Java (JDK) Installer (automatically downloads and installs Oracle JDK7 / JDK8 / JDK9). There are no actual Java files in this PPA.

Important ->  Why Oracle Java 7 And 6 Installers No Longer Work: http://www.webupd8.org/2017/06/why-oracle-java-7-and-6-installers-no.html

Ubuntu 16.10 Yakkety Yak is no longer supported by Canonical (and thus, Launchpad and this PPA). The PPA supports Ubuntu 17.10, 17.04, 16.04, 14.04 and 12.04.
.
.
gpg: requesting key EEA14886 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key EEA14886: public key " Launchpad VLC"  imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

 

Once it is done, you need to update the system repo package by making use of the following command.  

linuxhelp ~ # apt-get update 
Hit:1 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:2 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial InRelease [17.5 kB]                                    
Ign:3 http://packages.linuxmint.com sylvia InRelease                                           
Hit:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease                                        
Get:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial/main Sources [1,408 B]                                
.
.
Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 Packages [6,624 B]                                                     
Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe i386 Packages [6,616 B]                                                      
Get:29 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe Translation-en [121 kB]                                                      
Fetched 5,322 kB in 8s (664 kB/s)                                                                                                              
Reading package lists... Done

 

And then, you need to install the Oracle Java8 installer using the following command.  

linuxhelp ~ # apt-get install oracle-java8-installer
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
visualvm ttf-baekmuk | ttf-unfonts | ttf-unfonts-core ttf-kochi-gothic | ttf-sazanami-gothic ttf-kochi-mincho | ttf-sazanami-mincho
ttf-arphic-uming
Recommended packages:
gsfonts-x11 oracle-java8-set-default
The following NEW packages will be installed:
.    
.
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/bin/wsimport to provide /usr/bin/wsimport (wsimport) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/bin/xjc to provide /usr/bin/xjc (xjc) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so to provide /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libjavaplugin.so (mozilla-javaplugin.so) in auto mode
Oracle JDK 8 installed


Installing Cassandra 

Now, that Java has been installed, we shall proceed with the installation of   Cassandra. So, for Cassandra, you need to add the repository to the   Source list as follows.  

linuxhelp ~ # echo " deb http://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/debian 311x main"  | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cassandra.sources.list
deb http://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/debian 311x main

 

And then add apache Cassandra repository keys as follows.  

linuxhelp ~ # curl https://www.apache.org/dist/cassandra/KEYS | sudo apt-key add -
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  244k  100  244k    0     0  48041      0  0:00:05  0:00:05 --:--:-- 71783
OK

 

Also, you need to update the repo list   by making use of the following command.  

linuxhelp ~ # apt-get update 
Hit:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial InRelease                                                               
Hit:2 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease                                                                                 
Hit:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease                                                                          
Ign:4 http://packages.linuxmint.com sylvia InRelease                                                                 
Hit:6 http://packages.linuxmint.com sylvia Release                                             
Get:5 http://dl.bintray.com/apache/cassandra 311x InRelease [3,169 B]    
Get:8 http://dl.bintray.com/apache/cassandra 311x/main amd64 Packages [684 B]
Get:9 http://dl.bintray.com/apache/cassandra 311x/main i386 Packages [684 B]
Hit:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease                                                                                       
Hit:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease                                                                               
Hit:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease                                                                             
Fetched 4,537 B in 13s (326 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done

 

Finally install Cassandra   by making   use of the following.  

linuxhelp ~ # apt-get install cassandra
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  cassandra-tools
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  Cassandra
.
.
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
update-rc.d: warning: start and stop actions are no longer supported  falling back to defaults
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...

 

We can now check if Cassandra is up and running on our machine

linuxhelp ~ # service cassandra status
● cassandra.service - LSB: distributed storage system for structured data
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/cassandra  bad  vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-03-06 22:14:29 IST  29s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
   CGroup: /system.slice/cassandra.service
           └─9007 java -Xloggc:/var/log/cassandra/gc.log -ea -XX:+UseThreadPriorities -XX:ThreadPriorityPolicy=42 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryErro
Mar 06 22:14:29 linuxhelp systemd[1]: Starting LSB: distributed storage system for structured data...
Mar 06 22:14:29 linuxhelp systemd[1]: Started LSB: distributed storage system for structured data.

 

Connecting to Cassandra cluster 

Cassandra will start automatically once the installation process is complete. It is a distributed database and so, it doesn’ t work as a single system but instead, it works in a cluster which can consist of virtually any number of nodes.  When Cassandra starts on our machine, it set up a cluster automatically with a single node as part of it. We can check if the cluster is up using this command:

  

linuxhelp ~ # nodetool status
Datacenter: datacenter1
=======================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address    Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  127.0.0.1  103.7 KiB  256          100.0%            4400685f-8f62-4bbb-89f5-cba8b2db9f1b  rack1

 

If we see  UN  in our output, this means that Cluster is Up and Running:

linuxhelp ~ # cqlsh
Connected to Test Cluster at 127.0.0.1:9042.
[cqlsh 5.0.1 | Cassandra 3.11.2 | CQL spec 3.4.4 | Native protocol v4]
Use HELP for help.
cqlsh>

Once you run this, we will see that we can now execute Cassandra commands on our machine and create related data. 
     
     

Tag : Apache Linux Mint Cassandra
FAQ
Q
Nodetool says “Connection refused to host: 127.0.1.1” for any remote host. What gives in Apache Cassandra?
A
Nodetool relies on JMX, which in turn relies on RMI, which in turn sets up its own listeners and connectors as needed on each end of the exchange. Normally all of this happens behind the scenes transparently, but incorrect name resolution for either the host connecting, or the one being connected to, can result in crossed wires and confusing exceptions.

If you are not using DNS, then make sure that your /etc/hosts files are accurate on both ends. If that fails, try setting the -Djava.rmi.server.hostname= JVM option near the bottom of cassandra-env.sh to an interface that you can reach from the remote machine.
Q
Why does nodetool ring only show one entry, even though my nodes logged that they see each other joining the ring in Apache Cassandra?
A
This happens when you have the same token assigned to each node. Don’t do that.

Most often this bites people who deploy by installing Cassandra on a VM (especially when using the Debian package, which auto-starts Cassandra after installation, thus generating and saving a token), then cloning that VM to other nodes.

The easiest fix is to wipe the data and commit log directories, thus making sure that each node will generate a random token on the next restart.
Q
How to install Apache Cassandra on centOS?
A
For the installation of the Apache Cassandra on CentOS, use the following link as given below "https://www.linuxhelp.com/how-to-install-cassandra-in-centos/"
Q
Why can’t I set listen_address to listen on 0.0.0.0 (all my addresses) in Apache Cassandra?
A
Cassandra is a gossip-based distributed system and listen_address is the address a node tells other nodes to reach it at. Telling other nodes “contact me on any of my addresses” is a bad idea; if different nodes in the cluster pick different addresses for you, Bad Things happen.

If you don’t want to manually specify an IP to listen_address for each node in your cluster (understandable!), leave it blank and Cassandra will use InetAddress.getLocalHost() to pick an address. Then it’s up to you or your ops team to make things resolve correctly (/etc/hosts/, DNS, etc).

One exception to this process is JMX, which by default binds to 0.0.0.0 (Java bug 6425769).

See CASSANDRA-256 and CASSANDRA-43 for more gory details.
Q
What ports does Cassandra use in Apache Cassandra?
A
Cassandra uses 7000 for cluster communication (7001 if SSL is enabled), 9042 for native protocol clients, and 7199 for JMX. The internode communication and native protocol ports are configurable in the Cassandra Configuration File. The JMX port is configurable in cassandra-env.sh (through JVM options). All ports are TCP.